I was reading a post on Toro's blog regarding Ben Stein v Goldman (fun stuff!), and I came across a very interesting chart which is simply the historical ratio of median housing value vs median household income.
As you can see from the mid/late 1970s to 2001/2002 the ratio was consistent in a tight range between 2.6x to 3.0x. Essentially this means the median home price in this country was 2.6x - 3.0x median household income. And it's been right around 2.8x for most of that time. That's 30 years....
Then in 2002+, we had innovation.... great innovation... and 1% interest rates. Easy money. No mortgage regulation. Happy times. And crazy housing prices that detached from reality. In 2006 at the height of 'innovation' (where were these politicians 1 year ago? seriously), the ratio went "off" the chart, it appears 4.0x. After the 'correction' we've had, that ratio has fallen all the way to.... 3.8x.
What bugs me most about the 'plans' the politicians are doing is this will only slow down (to some degree) the inevitable - prices coming to a point AVERAGE Americans can afford. Well I should not say that bugs me the most - all of these bailout plans "points" bug me the most. But this is one that the politicians don't get. Once again they sacrifice the long term, for short term. As with everything. (I will spare you the soap box for the 100th time)
But let's take a back of envelope analysis and see what housing prices REALLY need to fall to before they make sense with historical ratios.
In July 2006 at the height of insanity the median price of a home was $230,200
It has already fallen in less than a year (October 2006) to $207,800
Pain over, correction done - time to party. Right? Wrong.
What are median incomes nowadays? As of 2006 the median household income was $48,201.
$48,201 x 2.8 ratio (historical average for past 30 years) = $134,962
Folks that is still nearly $73K away.... or a drop of 35% from October 2007 levels. And a drop of 41% from peak levels in July 2006.
Correction over? Not by a long shot.
Now that's assuming we return to historical norms. I am fully confidant that by the time this is all said and done NEW financial innovations will be introduced (along with bailouts) which will keep prices elevated above where they 'should be' without the 'not so invisible hand' propping things up.
So let's assume household income rises 4% each year (I would argue this is generous considering wage pressure coming as corporations see profits drop)
And let's assume inflation is imaginery (I mean, it works for the government) and we are not paying 5-12% more for food, energy, et al and that does not stress people's budgets - so therefore all this 4% yearly gain in income will be diverted to buying homes and not paying for necessities of life.
Then in 2008 median incomes will have risen to $52,134
And let's assume instead of returning to the 2.8 ratio that is historically where median house values vs income falls, but instead we can now subsist at say 3.2x because of 'the invisible hand', this takes us to
2008: $52,134 x 3.2 ratio = $166,829
That's still a $40,971 drop in median pricing or just under 20% from today's levels.
And again the above assumes we don't return to historical norms.... and we have no inflation, and we have no pressure on household incomes from growing credit card debt, and we don't go into recession, and people don't start losing jobs, and ... and... and...
Well you get the picture. 20% drops SHOULD be expected at a minimum. 35% WOULD be expected if all was fair in love and war. But I truly think the plan is to get interest rates on mortgages back into the 5% world on fixed, and some ungoldy low number in adjustables so we can repeat this mess all over again in a few years. All these bailouts and freezes again miss the main point - homes in MAJOR URBAN AREAS are NOT AFFORDABLE under traditional mortgages to REAL PEOPLE with REAL JOBS and not in the upper 5%. Due to INFLATED pricing (that politicians want to protect) people are forced to pay 40%, 45%, 50% of their income just for a roof over their head. So by "helping them" you are "destroying them". Slowly but surely. But anyhow, that's small stuff - we have banks to bail out.... that's the important thing.
Welcome to the jungle.
Thursday, December 6, 2007
Analysis: What Should Median Housing Price Be Today?
Posted by
TraderMark
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11:41 AM
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8 comments:
"Affordability" is all about dollars per month. This is America.
There has been a structural change to long term rates "today" versus 25 years ago, and that supports an upward shift in the sale price of a house because that house really is more affordable in terms of monthly payment on a 30-year fixed mortgage.
If you want a real picture of where affordability stands, and where sales prices are going, without mass media hysteria, re-do your graph with monthly payment assuming a 30-year fixed mortgage based on prevailing mortgage rates at each point in history.
My parents' first mortgage was at 14% on a 30-year fixed. A $150,000 house with 20% down was a $1422/mo mortgage payment. At 5.5%, that mortgage payment services a $250,000 mortgage -- that is, $312,500 less 20% down, or a $280,000 house house with the same $30,000 down. Your choice on how to look at the down payment; but a minimum of 87% higher sales price is serviced by the same monthly mortgage payment at today's rates.
Hi,
affordability is quite easy no matter the interest rate. Lower interest rates do allow you to buy more house but one can simply work backwards from income
48K median household income = 4000 a month.
If one is very aggressive and says 40% of pretax income should go to housing that is a $1600 payment (which should include taxes which in most areas would eat up $200 a month) - leaving $1400 towards mortgage
If one is less aggressive and says 33% of pretax income (which used to be the norm) than you get a housing payment of $1320 - take out a similar $200 a month (it would be slightly lower since in theory you buy a lower valued house with this sort of payment) but that leaves you $1120 towards mortgage
Throw whatever interest rate on that and you get what is "affordable" 5.5%, 6%, 6.5% 5.25% etc.
Also there is no rule that structurally interest rates are forever going to be 5-6% - this "structure" has created a lot of bad things for the economy (along with the good). And if we have persistent inflation, the Fed will be raising rates and I expect 30 years to go up with them. So perhaps we go back to 6.5-8% 30 year rates. Nothing is promised in the future. But either way, apply a $1120 - $1400 payment and work backwards to a 5.5% or 6% interest rate and you get what the average people in America can afford. Or even most professional singles.
I contend one reason so many people are struggling is they have had to "pay up" for any non rental unit, competing with speculators flush with easy money, who could put 0% down on house after house, creating a "fake demand" in the supply/demand equation, and pushing prices up much above where they would be. Etc. So some people are paying 45%, 50%, 55% towards a roof over their head. Life would me much easier for most if they only had to pay 30%, but that would require a heck of a correction and current home owners wouldn't be happy with such a fall. So either way, it will be an interesting scenario to see how it plays out. I'd argue in the long run higher home prices makes it very difficult for entry level buyers. And it would be better for "more" people if prices stayed low ... then less of disposable income would have to go to simply have a roof and it could be invested/saved/ec.
Another factor not commonly mentioned is land use restrictions. Looking quite a ways back, there was plenty of land to expand into - this built the suburbs. Now the suburbs are full (zoning restricts further subdivision of land), the roads are full, and the cost of commuting has risen dramatically. So the price of buildable land - within commuting distance - rises dramatically (relatively speaking). As always, the true value is in the land - not the house.
keith, your comments make sense to me for say San Fran or NYC. They dont make sense to me in say Las Vegas where land was plentiful, even land close to the main city... yet prices went up exponentially.
Location, location, location and yes land is the main thing. Land within a half mile of the ocean for example I doubt will truly see huge corrections short of Depression.
TraderMark - Good point. It's hard to summarize all the relevant factors in a single blog post, but the idea that "all real estate is local" is relevant here. Historicaly, the demand is for housing where the jobs are, not for jobs wherever builders happened to build houses because there was inexpensive land.
yes thats why the southwest and south will rebound, or areas near agriculture or oil or whatever the economic pull of that day is. Companies are relocating to TX, NC, and northwest so those areas are holding up relatively well... prices in TX for homes would blow people in most major urban areas away - so cheap. :)
The industrial Midwest is just plainly screwed unless we can get the dollar down another 80% and then China will be building factories here to take advantage of the cheap labor. Maybe thats the ultimate goal?
I think the real culprit of AZ and Las Vegas was simply Californians - they had a ton of home equity - they pulled out and some moved/other speculated into 2nd/3rd/4th homes - especially true in LV and Phoenix and other parts of AZ... even some effects in Portland and Seattle from this "pseudo wealth effect". It seems to have happened with the East Coasters into FL.
The author is spot on. While many with skin in the real estate game cling to the delusion that the gains in real estate of the past decade or so are real ones. The truth is that real estate grows with inflation, and by simple economics requires a degree of parity between home values and income, as well as home values and the present value of rents that would be spent if one chose not to buy. The relationship between these has become irrational and real income hasn't grown meaningfully in the same timeframe. It was merely a speculative bubble brought to an end by a credit crisis much like the stock market crash of 1929. Read more here: http://alphadominance.com/?p=436
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